Nested Field Theory and the Origin of Fractional Electric Charges: A Supplement to the Electron Rectification Model
Author's Note:
This paper expands upon my earlier work on the origin of electric charge, where the electron's charge was explained through a full rectification of nested field structures. Here, I extend the Nested Field Theory to quarks, proposing that their fractional electric charges arise naturally from partial rectification of the vacuum field layers. I am seeking collaborators to rigorously develop and refine these ideas, as the theory appears to predict the fractional charges observed in quarks without arbitrary assignment, but I do not yet fully understand all the deeper mechanisms involved.
Abstract
Building on the framework of Nested Field Theory and vacuum field rectification, this paper proposes that the fractional electric charges of quarks emerge from partial rectification of the vacuum's nested field layers. Unlike the electron, which achieves full rectification and thus a charge of −1, quarks represent intermediate, partially rectified states. The up quark manifests a +2/3 field rectification, while the down quark manifests a −1/3 rectification. This supplementary paper aims to demonstrate that different strengths of nested field rectification can naturally account for the observed fractional electric charges of quarks, providing a unified physical basis for charge without arbitrary postulates.
Introduction
The fractional electric charges of quarks (+2/3 for the up quark, −1/3 for the down quark) are well-established experimentally but remain conceptually mysterious within the Standard Model. Traditionally, these values are assigned rather than derived from deeper physical principles.
Nested Field Theory, originally proposed to explain the origin of the electron's charge, suggests that electric charge emerges from the vacuum's delayed and layered response to particle disturbances. In this framework, the vacuum acts analogously to a full-wave rectifier, forcing disturbances into a consistent field polarity. This paper extends the model to quarks, proposing that their fractional charges reflect partial rectification of the vacuum's nested field structure.
Core Concepts
1. Full Rectification: The Electron
In the previous work, the electron was modeled as a complete rectification of the nested vacuum fields. Its wave disturbances were fully aligned into negative energy peaks, leading to a stable, uniform electric field corresponding to a charge of −1.
2. Partial Rectification: The Quarks
In contrast, quarks are proposed to represent intermediate states where the vacuum memory layers are only partially rectified:
Up Quark (+2/3): Approximately two-thirds of the nested field layers rectify in the positive direction.
Down Quark (−1/3): Approximately one-third of the nested field layers rectify in the negative direction.
Thus, the strength of a particle's electric field is directly proportional to the degree of rectification achieved by its surrounding vacuum field structure.
| Particle | Degree of Field Rectification | Observed Electric Charge |
|---|---|---|
| Electron | Full rectification (all negative peaks) | −1 |
| Up Quark | Partial rectification (~2/3 positive peaks) | +2/3 |
| Down Quark | Partial rectification (~1/3 negative peaks) | −1/3 |
Mechanism of Fractional Charge Emergence
The rectification process operates through the following mechanism:
Particle Disturbance: A localized disturbance forms in the vacuum memory structure.
Nested Layers: Surrounding field layers attempt to respond but do so with slight temporal delays.
Field Rectification: Depending on the structure and intensity of the disturbance, different fractions of the nested layers stabilize into either positive or negative field curvatures.
Charge Manifestation: The resulting outward field pressure (electric field) reflects the fraction of rectified layers, producing the observed electric charge.
Thus, fractional charges are not arbitrary but are natural consequences of partial nested field stabilization.
Composite Particle Structures
This model also explains why composite particles like protons and neutrons exhibit integer charges:
Proton (uud):
Two up quarks (+2/3 each) and one down quark (−1/3) sum to +1.
Neutron (udd):
One up quark (+2/3) and two down quarks (−1/3 each) sum to 0.
Thus, full integer charges emerge when partial rectifications combine appropriately within composite systems, preserving overall charge quantization.
Broader Implications
If this framework is correct, it implies that:
Charge magnitude is a direct measure of the degree of vacuum field rectification.
Quarks represent stable but partially resolved field structures within the vacuum.
The apparent quantization of charge arises naturally from the allowed stable rectification fractions.
Other fractional charges (hypothetical or exotic) might correspond to different partial rectification states.
Furthermore, it suggests that mass and spin might similarly emerge from additional properties of how the nested field layers twist, rotate, or stabilize.
Future Work
Future research directions include:
Developing a quantitative model relating the fraction of field rectification to charge magnitude.
Simulating how different disturbance structures stabilize into full or partial rectified field configurations.
Investigating whether other predicted partial rectification states correspond to undiscovered or unstable particles.
Connecting nested field behavior to known quantum chromodynamics (QCD) interactions among quarks.
Invitation for Collaboration
As with the earlier work on the electron, I am seeking collaborators skilled in mathematical physics, quantum field theory, and particle physics to help formalize and test these ideas. The goal is to rigorously develop a new physical basis for electric charge that unifies the electron, quarks, and composite particles under a single conceptual framework.
If you are interested in contributing to this exploration, please reach out.
Conclusion
Nested Field Theory, when expanded to include partial rectification of vacuum field structures, provides a natural explanation for the existence of fractional electric charges. Rather than being fundamental attributes assigned to particles, charges emerge from how the vacuum's structured memory layers respond and stabilize after disturbance. This model offers a unified, physical, and geometrically intuitive framework for understanding electric charge at a deeper level, building a bridge between individual particles and composite systems like atoms and nuclei.
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